Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam automotive, qhov nyuaj ntawm automotive electronic systems yog tas li nce, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus tau dhau los ua nruj. Fiber optic harnesses, raws li lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob siab heev, tau siv ntau thiab dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Fiber optics, nrog nws qhov zoo ntawm kev kub ceev, kev ntseeg siab, kev poob qis, thiab kev tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam, yog maj mam hloov cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau hauv tsheb, ua kom pom cov ntawv thov loj heev hauv kev sib txuas lus hauv tsheb. Kab lus no tham txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm fiber ntau optic harnesses thiab lawv cov kev siv hauv tsheb, tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov zoo thiab kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob.
Nrog kev nce qib kev txawj ntse thiab kev sib txuas ntawm kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis, qhov kev thov rau kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tau loj hlob, ua rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv tsheb hauv tsheb yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb. Fiber optic kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, raws li kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, muab cov tswv yim tshiab rau kev txhim kho hauv tsheb hauv kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob. Daim ntawv no txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm fiber optic kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, tshuaj xyuas nws cov ntawv thov hauv lub tsheb yav tom ntej los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav, tshawb txog nws qhov zoo, thiab kwv yees nws txoj kev loj hlob.

1.Technical Overview of Fiber Optic Harnesses

Fiber optic cables siv lub teeb nthwv dej raws li cov neeg nqa khoom thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag raws li kev sib kis nruab nrab, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li kev kub ceev, kev ntseeg siab, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab kev tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam. Lawv cov kis tau tus mob yog siab dua li cov xov tooj tooj liab lossis coaxial cables, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv lub sijhawm ntawm lub tsheb. Kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau optic feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov nqa khoom siv fiber ntau kom ua tiav cov teeb liab ceev.
① Fiber Optic Connector
Fiber optic connectors yog passive optical pab kiag li lawm uas pab kom txav tau kev sib txuas ntawm optical fibers. Lawv feem ntau muaj fiber ntau reinforcement, fiber ntau alignment, saj zawg zog mating, connector locking, cable fixation, ferrule anti-rotation, thiab cable buffering (saib daim duab 1). Fiber optic connectors feem ntau siv ceramic ferrules thiab lub tes tsho ceramic rau fiber ntau sib dhos, nrog cov springs kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov ferrule xaus. Ua ntej mating, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog nyob rau hauv lub pre-compressed lub xeev, tiv thaiv lub ferrule los ntawm kev txav mus los vim lub xauv quab yuam. Thaum lub sij hawm mating, lub ferrule retraction generates thib ob compression, pub rov qab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam rau lub ferrule, xyuas kom meej tias ob mating ferrules nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag thiab nias ua ke nyob rau hauv lub mating txheej txheem.

② Optical fiber ntau tus neeg xyuas pib
Optical fibers yog cylindrical thiab feem ntau muaj cov tub ntxhais, cladding, thiab txheej (saib daim duab 2). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib kis ntawm optical fibers siv qhov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv. That is, when light is incident from an optically denser medium (with a relatively high refractive index) to an optically less dense medium (with a relatively low refractive index), if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle for total internal reflection, the light will no longer be refracted, but will be completely reflected back into the original medium, ensuring that the optical signal can propagate in the optical fiber without leakage.

Optical fiber muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Kev sib kis ceev ceev, kev ncua deb, thiab cov ntsiab lus siab: Optical fiber ntau muaj kev sib kis ceev heev, tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv mus ntev, thiab tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.
(2) Tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam: Optical fiber transmits optical signals thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej, yog li lub teeb liab zoo dua.
(3) Dav bandwidth: Optical fiber ntau muaj bandwidth dav heev, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev xa cov ntaub ntawv ceev.
(4) Kev poob qis: Kev sib kis ntawm fiber ntau optical tsis tshua muaj, thiab theoretically nws muaj peev xwm kis tau ntau pua kilometers lossis txawm ntev dua yam tsis muaj teeb meem zoo.
(5) Kev ruaj ntseg siab: Kev sib kis ntawm fiber ntau optical tsis tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab tsis tuaj yeem eavesdropped los ntawm sab nraud electromagnetic nthwv dej, yog li nws tsim nyog rau qee qhov xwm txheej nrog cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab.
(6) Me me thiab lub teeb yuag: piv nrog cov tsoos tooj liab cables, optical fiber yog me dua thiab sib dua, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev xa thiab tswj. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tseem pom tseeb dua hauv kev sib txuas lus loj.

2.Qhov zoo ntawm fiber ntau optic harnesses hauv kev siv tsheb ntse

Thaum tus nqi sib kis ntawm tooj liab mus txog 10GB / s lossis ntau dua, cov xov tooj hlau yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li tus nqi yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig automotive layout ib puag ncig, qhov thickening ntawm tooj liab xov hlau ua rau muaj kev nce hauv qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb thiab tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev kub ceev thiab qis qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb. Fiber optic cable technology tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib txuas lus zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic tsis ntxiv qhov hnyav ntxiv, yog li txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub tsheb.
(1) Kev sib kis tus nqi ntawm fiber ntau optic cable yog ntau dua li cov xov tooj tooj liab lossis coaxial cables. Nws tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau lab megabytes ib ob, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tsheb niaj hnub rau cov ntaub ntawv loj ntim thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsoos tooj liab hlau tes hauj lwm tsuas yog ncav cuag 10GB / s, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm high-ceev kis tau tus mob.
(2) Kev xa tawm ntawm fiber ntau optical tsis tshua muaj siab. Qhov poob ib kilometer feem ntau yog tsawg dua 0.0035 dB / / m, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb liab tswj tau qhov zoo thaum lub sijhawm sib kis mus ntev. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov kev sib kis ntawm cov tsoos tooj liab hlau tes hauj lwm yog 0.5 dB/m, uas yog loj thaum lub sij hawm ntev kis tau tus mob.
(3) Optical fiber kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis siv lub teeb nthwv dej los xa cov teeb liab hauv cov fibers optical, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic piv rau cov tsoos tooj liab xaim xaim.
(4) Muab piv nrog cov xov hlau tsoos, yas kho qhov muag fiber ntau (POF), raws li hom tsheb kho qhov muag fiber ntau, tuaj yeem txo cov tsheb hnyav thiab txhim kho tsheb kev lag luam.

3.Application scenarios ntawm fiber optic harnesses nyob rau hauv tsheb

Fiber optic harnesses tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob, kev sib txuas lus, Is Taws Nem, thiab kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv daim ntawv thov hauv tsheb tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, suav nrog qhov tsis muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus theoretical, kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv, cov qauv ntsuas tsis meej, thiab tsis muaj kev paub txog kev siv tsheb.


① Daim ntawv thov ntawm fiber ntau optic cable bundles hauv thaj chaw xa khoom
Kev siv cov fiber ntau optic harnesses nyob rau hauv tsheb txawv ntawm qhov uas nyob rau hauv lwm yam liaj teb, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho. Piv txwv li, kev vibration yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv thaj chaw xws li lub cav thiab chassis; dej tsis zoo yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li lub cav compartment thiab undercarriage; thiab high-temperature ua tau zoo ntawm fiber optic conductors thiab connectors yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv high-temperature qhov chaw. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv tsheb, thaj chaw teeb tsa ntawm tag nrho lub tsheb tuaj yeem muab faib ua thaj chaw ntub dej, thaj chaw ntub dej thiab qhov chaw qhuav.
(1) Cov chaw ntub dej xa mus rau thaj chaw uas cov xaim hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom sib txuas yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua hauv ib txwm siv, xws li cov hlua txuas hauv cov cheeb tsam sab nraud ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb xws li lub chassis thiab cav compartment. Hauv huab cua los nag lossis daus, cov cheeb tsam no yuav nkag mus rau ntau yam kua rau qee qhov, txawm tias thaum tsav tsheb lossis thaum nres.
(2) Cov chaw ntub dej uas muaj peev xwm xa mus rau thaj chaw uas cov hlua txuas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua hauv qee qhov kev siv txhua hnub, xws li thaum lub qhov rooj qhib thaum los nag, khob dej tau nchuav, cov khoom khov khov yaj, lossis cov dej sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, cov neeg caij tsheb hauv pem teb, qhov rooj armrests, rooj zaum, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Cov cheeb tsam qhuav kiag li xa mus rau thaj chaw uas cov hlua txuas txuas tsis zoo li tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua dej hauv cov xwm txheej siv tsheb ib txwm muaj, xws li sab hauv ntawm lub dashboard thiab sab hauv ntawm headliner. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov dej tsis sib khi yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hlua khi hlua txuas txuas ntxiv txo qis los ntawm cov chaw ntub dej, qhov chaw ntub dej mus rau qhov chaw qhuav.

② Fiber optic harness daim ntawv thov kev daws teeb meem
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm hluav taws xob, daim ntawv thov ntawm fiber ntau optic cables hauv tsheb feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog qhov ntsuas kub, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev co, thiab cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov fiber ntau optic cables. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog raws li nram no:
(1) Fiber optic cables: Ua ntej, cua sov dissipation tsim yog ua los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant thiab optimizing tag nrho lub tsheb layout. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant hlau xws li silicone xaim thiab XLPE hlau raug xaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tswj cov rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub kub. Thib ob, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog siv, xws li ob txheej txheej txheej thiab ultraviolet curing technology. Thaum kawg, qhov kev teeb tsa hauv lub tsheb yog optimized.Piv txwv li, txoj hlua khi hlua khi kom tsis txhob muaj lub cav tso cov yeeb nkab txoj hauv kev thiab qhov chaw kub vortex. Ib qho kev ua kom zoo dua qub yog tau los ntawm kev tswj xyuas thermal.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kub-resistant kub rwb thaiv tsev wrapping kuj tseem siv tau nyob rau hauv lub tsheb thaiv layout.Piv txwv li, high-temperature resistant aluminium foil fiberglass raj yog siv los qhwv rau sab nraud ntawm fiber optic cable, uas tuaj yeem ua kom zoo siv cov fiber ntau optic cables nyob rau hauv high-temperature ib puag ncig hauv tsheb thiab txhim kho kev laus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov fiber ntau optic cables tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim nrog ntau txheej txheej tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej tsis zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, txheej txheej sab nraud ntawm optical cable feem ntau yog cov hnab yas. Qhov no sheath tsis tsuas yog muab kev tiv thaiv txhua yam tab sis kuj muaj qee yam dej tsis zoo. Sab hauv lub hnab yas yog lub tsho hlau, uas ntxiv dag zog rau qhov kho qhov muag cable lub siab ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj dej. Nyob rau hauv lub tsho hlau yog cov dej-swellable barrier txheej, ib qho tseem ceeb barrier tiv thaiv noo noo nkag. Yog tias cov av noo nkag mus, cov txheej thaiv txheej nrawm nrawm nrawm, sealing txoj kev nkag mus thiab tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntxiv. Cov tub ntxhais cable tseem suav nrog kev ntsuas dej tsis zoo. Cov fiber ntau optical yog nruj nreem qhwv hauv cov roj thiab txuas rau lwm cov khoom hauv lub hauv paus. Cov roj no tsis tsuas yog lubricates tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, absorbs thiab locks nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov fiber.
Los ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntau txheej no, cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov ziab thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov fiber ntau hauv ntau qhov chaw hnyav, kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib kis ntawm kev sib txuas lus zoo. Piv txwv li, quartz multimode fiber nyob rau hauv automotive optical harness tov tso tawm los ntawm Yangtze Optical Fiber thiab Cable raws li automotive-qib cov qauv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm dabtsi yog khoov (voj voog 10 hli), tensile zog (150 N), kub yam ntxwv (-40 ℃ ~ 125 ℃), laus (125 ℃, 3), vibration (3000 h).
(2) Fiber Optic Connectors: Cov hau kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov fiber ntau optic connectors muaj xws li tsim cov txheej txheem kub dissipation thiab xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant. Los ntawm tsim kom muaj cua sov dissipation tsim thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua neej ntawm fiber optic connectors nyob rau hauv high-temperature ib puag ncig tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo. Ua ntej, tsim cov qauv cua sov dissipation yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm fiber optic connectors. Fiber optic connectors ua kom sov thaum ua haujlwm; qhov tsim nyog cov cua kub dissipation tuaj yeem pab txo qhov sib txuas qhov kub thiab ua kom nws ruaj khov.

Nov yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb:
① Txuag cov khoom siv hlau kom hloov cov cua sov thiab pab ua kom sov dissipation.
② Tsim cov cua sov dissipation fins: Muab cov cua sov dissipation fins rau hauv lub plhaub txuas kom tso cai rau huab cua zoo dua thiab cua sov los ntawm cov kiv cua lossis cua cua.
③ Siv lub plhaub hlau: Siv cov khoom siv hlau nrog kev ua kom sov zoo dua los txhim kho cov cua sov kom zoo. Qhov thib ob, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm fiber ntau optic connectors.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam yog qhov ua rau kev laus lossis deformation nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub kub, thaum cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
① High-quality engineering plastics: Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv qhov nruab nrab thiab qis kub los tsim lub plhaub txuas thiab cov qauv sab hauv, txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias.
② Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb alloy: Siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb alloy los tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, txhim kho lawv qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab deformation tsis kam. Piv txwv li, Lytas Optics muab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis sib cuag, uas ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo dua qub, lub neej ntev mating, qis mating poob, thiab cov plua plav qis dua piv rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
③ Thaum tshav kub kub shrink tubing tuaj yeem siv los ua cov dej tsis muaj dej: Siv cov cua sov shrink tubing mus rau qhov chaw sib txuas thiab siv lub tshuab cua sov kom txo tau cov tubing. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov shrink tubing yog los tiv thaiv cov fibers optical thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab cov kab mob nkag mus. Xyuas kom meej tias lub tshav kub shrink tubing haum nruj rau cov connector thiab optical fiber tsis muaj qhov khoob. Siv tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm sealant rau sab nraud ntawm lub tshav kub shrink tubing los txhim kho cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Xyuas kom meej tias cov sealant tau siv sib npaug thiab sau tag nrho cov qhov khoob thiab qhov hws, tos kom lub sealant kom qhuav thiab tawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kev kho sealing. (3) Kev sib txuas ceev ceev yog ua tiav los ntawm fiber ntau optical, thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj hluav taws xob txuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog ntawm lub sensor. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, optical fiber kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis muaj kev thov dav dav thiab muaj peev xwm zoo hauv tsheb sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, optical fiber kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis yuav txuas ntxiv siv nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab muab kev txhawb nqa muaj zog rau kev tsim kho tsheb hluav taws xob sib txuas lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev nce qib thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov nplai, tus nqi ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau hauv kev siv tsheb yuav raug txo qis ntxiv, cov kev daws teeb meem yuav dhau los ua neeg paub tab, thiab nws yuav dhau los ua cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev daws cov kev sib txuas lus ceev ceev hauv kev txhim kho cov tsheb ntse.

4. Cov lus xaus

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb txawj ntse muab qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus, xav tau kev kub ceev, tsis tshua muaj kev poob, thiab muaj zog cuam tshuam tsis kam. Piv nrog rau tsheb tooj liab xov hlau, fiber optic kev sib txuas lus xov hlau muaj ntau yam zoo. Daim ntawv no piav qhia luv luv ntawm daim ntawv thov scenarios ntawm fiber optic bundles thiab cov kev daws teeb meem. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb txawj ntse, automotive fiber optics yuav siv dav hauv tsheb.
(Source: [1] Automotive Knowledge. 2024, 24 (11), Sau: Jian Zhongjian, Liu Zhiqiang, Wang Dengke. GAC Group Automotive Engineering Research Institute
[2] Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tuam Tshoj. 2026, 5).