Lifuba tsa likoloi tsa likoloi li etsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa likoloi, 'me tlhokahalo e kholo bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tse matla. Li theha mokokotlo oa marang-rang oa lipotoloho tsa koloi 'me li sebetsa e le tsamaiso ea taolo ea motlakase e fanang ka matla le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki. Ke "methapo ea mali" le "tsamaiso ea methapo" ea koloi. Ho khathatsa lintho tse halikiloeng haholo-holo li na le lithapo, li-trimitos, li hokahane le ho o qoba. Mafura a manya a likoloi lia etsoa ka moetlo, ka boqapi le litekanyetso tsa boleng bo fapaneng lipakeng tsa OEMS le mefuta ea likoloi.

'Marakeng oa maralla a likoloi o ruile, o na le bokhoni bo boholo. Tlhatlhobo, bohlale le sebaka sa likoloi 'marakeng o khanna ho hola ka potlako' marakeng oa lapeng, ka Moya Billion yuan ya bilione ya 160. Ho phahama ha li-Brands tsa lapeng ho ntse ho khanna keketseho e tsoelang pelekeng ea lihlahisoa tsa lapeng ea likoloi tsa koloi. Khoebo ea lefatše la likoloi ea lefatše e ntse e laoloa ke motse-moholo oa kantle ho naha, ha li-brand tsa batho ba likoloi li na le phetisetso ea lehae. Ho ke ke ho eketsa ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng ka ntle ho kopanelo ea 'maraka oa bona oa' nts'etsopele ea nts'etsopele ea meriana ea marang-rang ea lapeng.

1: Kakaretso ea Harness ea Likoloi

(1) Liroboto tsa koloi ke eng?

Lirosa tsa likoloi tsa likoloi ke tsona tsa marang-rang tsa pokello ea lipotoloho tsa koloi. Ke tsamaiso ea taolo ea elektroniki e fanang ka matla le matšoao a lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki. E sebeletsa e le "methapo ea mali" ea koloi "le" tsamaiso ea methapo. " Ho hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase, e fana ka matla a tsitsitseng le a ho saena. Likhoele tse khathatsang haholo-holo li na le likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa aluminium, li-turninam, li hokahane le ho o qoba. Mafura a kharong ea likoloi ke lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka moetlo, ka meralo le litekanyetso tsa boleng bo fapana pakeng tsa Oems tse fapaneng le mefuta e fapaneng ea likoloi.

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①orrigin ea likoloi tsa koloi ea likoloi
Tšimoloho ea litšitiso tsa meriti li ka qala morao ho morao ho la bo20 la lilemo. Ka ts'ebetso e potlakileng ea indasteri ea likoloi, marapo a likoloi a ile a hlaha e le kenyelletso ea likoloi ea likoloi.
Ho ne ho phatlalalitsoe likoloi tse halikiloeng tse halikiloeng esale pele ka terata ea koporo e mefokolo. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea mahlale a liphatlalatso, butle-butle mathata a ile a fetoha har'a marapo a mangata a terata ea koporo.
Ho tloha ka bo-1960, ka kholo ea mahlale a elektroniki, ts'ebeliso ea li-harnesse tsa likoloi li se li ntse li atametse haholo, li ama libaka tse fapaneng, le sistimi ea taolo le sistimi ea taolo.
Kajeno, li-marapo a khathatso a fetohile mothati oa likoloi tsa sejoale-joale, o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le e tsitsitseng ea koloi.

Litefiso tsa InseDoapment tsa Likoloi tsa Korati ea Likoloi
Mothati oa pele: Likoloi tsa moriti tsa likoloi li sebelelitse likhokahano tsa motlakase tse bonolo, haholo-holo tse entsoeng ka terata ea koporo le ho lekola teipi ea koporo.
Mokhahlelo o Nts'etsopele: Ka ho eketsa ha likoloi, ho khathatsa ha ho iphetola theknoloji ea melaoana e mengata, ho fella ka meralo e pharaletseng ea merusu.
Mokhahlelo o Tsoelang Pele: Ho Ntlafatsa Tšepo le Ts'ireletso ea Tsamaiso ea Motlakase, Wiring Massnees o ile a qala ho kenyelletsa Theknoloji ea Polymer Lisebelisoa.
Sethala Bohlale: Ka Audio ea Khahlano le Mahlale a Koloi ea Mafora, Likotsi tsa Wiring li ile tsa qala ho kenyelletsa kamano e matla ea motlakase le bohlale.

(3) Likoloi tsa ho indasteri ea likoloi

Ho thehiloe ho Voltage, ho roala mafura ho ka aroloa hore e be litšitiso tse ngata le tse tlase. Ho na le litšisinyeho tse phahameng tse sebetsang ho 60VV le tse holimo (hangata tse pakeng tsa 60VV le 800v) ebile li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho khanna makoloi a macha a matla. Litšila tse tlase tse tlase li sebetsa ka tlase ho 60v (12v ho 48V), hangata e sebelisoa ka likoloi tse nang le 12v, ebile li sebelisoa haholo ho feta koloing.

Ho latela sebopeho sa bona ka koloi, ho na le marapo a pharaletseng, ho na le lihlola tsa 'mele, litheko tsa maetla, marulelo a marabele.

Bokoetliso ba 'mele ho na le potoloho e ikhethang ka koloing le ho laola meroho e mengata tsamaisong, e tlosa boikhathollo le polokeho ea sistimi.

Koloi ea mafura a elektroniki e sebelisa bongata bo le bong ho fetisetsa matšoao a mafura a enjene le ho felisa ho rarahana ha lisebelisoa tsa enjene.

Lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa li fana ka kopano e bonolo haholo le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng.

Lemati la laola marapo a phatsisang a marapo, ka ho ameha le marapo a makoloi, a nolofalletsa ho tsamaea ka fensetere ea matla, o futhumetseng, o ile a futhumatsa le libui tse tsamaisang chelete.

Marulelo a phatsimang marapo, ka ho kenella le marako a koloi, a nolofalletsa ho sebetsa joalo ka khanya ea letsatsi, senthere ea pula, le Onstar.

Lijo tse bobebe tse tlase li hokahanya likarolo tsohle tsa motlakase fatše, ho kopanyelletsa le mamati a mane, ho kenyelletsa le menyako ea ho paka likoloi, likoti tsa polokelo ea thepa le litulo.

Ho na le marapo a phahameng a phetetso a boima ka ho khetheha a entsoe ka likoloi tse ncha tsa matla.

Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa voltage tsa Voltage li na le thepa ea mantlha ea matla makoloi a macha a matla a sebetsang. Ke mokhoa o mocha ka ho felletseng o kentsoeng ke tlhaiso-leseling, o fetola enjene ea enjene likoloi tsa setso. E kenyelletsa lihokelo tse phahameng tsa voltage tse phahameng, likhoele tse phahameng tsa vortage le ho tjhaja lefika.

2. Boemo ba indasteri ea likoloi tsa thepa

(1) likoloi tsa koloi ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa likoloi tsa koloi

Ka holim'a terata ea lifate tsa marang-rang ea li-chin tsa indasteri e felletseng, ha lik'hamphani tsa lapeng li tsepama hare ho kopano.
Li-Gians tsa mose ho maoatle li na le bokhoni bo felletseng ba indasteri, ha lik'hamphani tsa lapeng li na le boteng ba likhopolo, empa ha ho na k'hamphani e fihletseng boteng ba indasteri.

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Liindasteri tsa likoloi tsa likoloi li tsamaea le litšitiso tse 'ne tse kholo: Barekisi, theknoloji ea theknoloji, ke capital, ke motse-moholo le batsamaisi. Lisosa tsa taolo ea taolo li bohlokoa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea meroboto ea likoloi e rarahane, e nang le mehato e 17 e lekantsoeng le litšenyehelo tsa ho laola bohloka.
Ts'ebetso ea likoloi ea likoloi e rarahaneng e rarahane, e nang le mehato e ka bang 17.

(3) Ketane ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa koloi Harness indasteri

Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi tsa Likoloi Sengoliloeng sena se tla sekaseka lisebelisoa tsa indasteri ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa likoloi: Lisebelisoa tse tala tse holimo, lihlahisoa tsa bohareng ba lihlahisoa tsa tlase le lits'ebetso tse theohileng.

Lisebelisoa tse tala tse tala - phepelo e tsitsitseng
Lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa marang-rang a khathatso a sebelisa koporo, aluminium, polasetiki le rabara. Hajoale, phepelo ea thepa ena e tala e tsitsitse, e tsitsitse, e nang le khatello ea theko e fokolang. Ak'haonte ea Basebetsi bakeng sa litlolo tse ka bang 12% -17% ea litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa tlhahiso, ha lihlahisoa tsa li-30% -80 -80%. Ka ho hlaphoheloa ha moruo oa lefatše ka bonolo le katleho e tsoelang pele ea makoloi, barekisi ba ka holimo ba bafani ba ka holimo ba ntse ba holisa matla a bona a ho kopana le tlhokahalo ea 'maraka. Ka nako e ts'oanang, barekisi ba bang ba tappli ba lelekiloeng ka mafolofolo ba ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tse ncha ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea limpho tsa likoloi tsa likoloi le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.

Ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa ②midstream - tlholisano e matla
Mokhoa oa ho etsa thepa ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa likoloi ke motheo oa ketane ea indasteri eohle. Hajoale, ho na le barekisi ba nang le makoloi ba malapeng a nang le malapeng a nang le malapeng, empa ba bangata ba nyane ebile ba na le maemo a fapaneng a botsebi ba mahlale. Ho fumana leoto 'marakeng, lik'hamphani tse ling li ntse li eketseha ha r & d tsetelo ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le ts'ebetso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lik'hamphani tse ling tsa tataiso li ntse li eketsa tekanyo ea tsona ebe li eketsa 'maraka oa tsona oa ho kopanela liphathela le lintho tse hlokahalang. Leha ho le joalo, ka tlholisano ea 'maraka o matlafatsang, likhatello tsa theko ea litšenyehelo ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso le tsona lia eketseha.

Likopo tsa ③workStream - tlhoko e sa lekanyetsoang
Likopo tse tlase tsa marulelo a kokoana-hloko ka ho fetisisa li sebelisa likoloi tse tsamaeang ka mokhoa o nang le mathata a maholo, likoloi tse ncha le likoloi tse fapaneng tsa khoebo. Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea 'maraka o tsoelang pele, tlhoko ea marulelo a likoloi tse tsoang likolong tsena tse theotsoeng le tsona li felile. Likoloi tse tsamaeang ka mokhoa o phofitsoeng haholo-holo li shebisisa likhokahano tsa motlakase le phetisetso ea matšoao; Ka lehlakoreng le leng matla a macha a matla a ho foqoha le mathata a phahameng le li-marapo a phaellong le betri ea batterter li foka marapo. Likoloi tsa khoebo li hatelloa haholo ka ho futhumala ha marapo le ho tšoarella. Litumelo tsena tse fapaneng li fana ka menyetla ea ho hola e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa marang-rang a likoloi.

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Ho boleloa esale pele
Likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li ntse li sebelisa li-marapo a phahameng a boima. Bapisoa le likoloi tse nang le mafura a moea tse tsamaeang hantle, likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li khanna limmapa tsa voltage tse ngata ho hokela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa motlakase.
Likoloi tse ncha tse ngata, litheko tse phahameng tsa khase tse ngata li sebelisoa haholo ka lebokose le phahameng la thuto ea chelete), ho emisa betri e phahameng ka ho fetisa le letona (ho hokela setulong se potlakileng sa ho tjhaja Lebokose), guration e liehang butle (e hokahanyang koung e lebelo haholo (e hokahanyang le congter e phahameng, sefokolo sa motlakase, compler e phahameng, compressor ea moea le PTC).

Li-harness tse phahameng tsa voltage li beha litlhoko tse ncha bakeng sa indasteri ea lirifi ea Harness. Makoloi a macha a matla a na le litlhokahalo tse fetoletsoeng bakeng sa ho khathatsa ha ho fetisetsa maemo, matla a ts'ebetso, ts'ireletso ea Intertions le motlakase.
A.Seho e lekantsoeng ea koloi e sebelisitsoeng ka likoloi tse ncha e ka fihla ho 150kw. Bakeng sa ho fokotsa matla a matla nakong ea phetisetso ea hona joale, mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa oa voltage ea matla a phahameng o lokela ho eketsoa. Matla a phahameng a ho khanna a ka fihlela ka 550v-750v, 'me a fana ka ho qosa matla a ho teba a ka fihla ho 800-1000, o phahame haholo ho feta voltage ea mafura a 12V. Ka hona, ho hlokahala hore ho be le khanyetso e matla ea hanyetsanang e matla le ho tiisa hore u qobelle potoloho e mengata ka mor'a hore koloi e kopane le ho kopana le kotsi.
b. Likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li sebelisa li-motor ea Ac, e leng ho sitisoa ka matla a elelome. Moralo oa marulelo a makhulo a matla a makhulo a tlameha ho nka karolo ea motlakase ea elelome ea motlakase ho netefatsa hore ho ts'epahala ha kopo ea marapo. c. Phetiso ea maqhubu a maholo a tla lebisa tšebelisong ea matla le mocheso. Moralo oa litšitšili tse phahameng tse nang le wiring e phahameng li tlameha ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ka mor'a boima. Boleng ba koloi e ncha ea koloi e halikiloeng ka koloi e le 'ngoe ka koloi e eketsehile haholo. Sistimi ea marang-rang ea marang-rang e phahameng haholo e le sistimi e ncha e tsoang ho ntho e ntlafatso, ho fetola enjene khaba ea enjine ea likoloi tsa setso. Boleng ba koloi ka 'ngoe bo ka fihla ho 2000 Yuan, ka ho etsa joalo, ho feta Yuan ea matla ho feta Yuan Yuan Yuan Yuan Yuan ea ho feta ea 3 500 bakeng sa likoloi tsa mafura.

②intenologide
Likoloi tse bohlale li lula li ntlafatsoa. Chaena ka mafolofolo e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e bohlale ea ho khanna. Lekala la Liindasteri le Theknoloji ea Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Tlhahisoleseling Ka 2030, ho na le koetliso ea 'maraka e hokahaneng ea 70%,' me ho sebelisoa likoloi tse ngata litseleng tse ling tsa litoropo. Mabapi le matšeliso a khannang, ho kenella ha li-cuckpit tse bohlale joalo ka li-skrini tse kholo joaloka li-skrini tse kholo, pontšo Litšobotsi tsena kaofela li itšetleha ka marulelo ho netefatsa phetisetso ea matšoao.

Liphetoho tse bohlale li ntse li khanna li ntse li eketseha ka mokhoa o boima oa marabele. Ka palo e ntseng e eketseha ea likarolo tse bohlale tse likoloi, lits'itiso tsa li-sensous le likhomphutha, 'me ho na le mekhoa ea bandwidth e ntseng e eketseha e fetang ea marang-rang a setso. Ho latela lintlha tse tsoang moruong, palo e tloaelehileng ea sensor hajoale e kentsoeng ka koloing e fetisa kholo ka palo ea li-autrol tsa koloi, kahoo ts'ebeliso ea mafura a koloi, ka hona a tla sebelisoa ho wishses. Ho feta moo, tsoelo-pele ea bafetoleli ba ho khanna e entse se hlokahalang ho phetisetso ea data ea lebelo le phahameng, tlhoko ea ho batla likhoele tse lebelo le phahameng. Khafetsa, li-mashala a merofo e matla li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lik'hamera, li-antenas, GPS, li-cluetooth, li-bluetoration.

③localization
Sebaka sa lehae sa likoloi li tla khanna keketseho ea sekhahla sa lehae la likoloi tsa likoloi tsa koloi. Ho tloha ka 2020, ho bile le likoloi tsa baeti tsa China ka selemo le selemo, 'me ha ho pelaelo hore lik'hamphani tsa khoebo li tla etsa lik'hamphani tsa lapeng.

(5) Lightweight e fetoha tataiso ea nts'etsopele

Ho bobebe ho bobebe ke mokhoa o mong o ntseng o eketseha, empa ekaba aluminium o tla nka khutlisetso ea koporo e tla bonoa ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji le matla a mebaraka. Khahlano le backdropa ea litekanyetso tsa tikoloho ea lefatše ka thata, baetsi ba litaba ba khothaletsa chelete e bobebe ea chelete ea ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mafura.

Phokotso ea boima e ntlafatsa moruo oa mafura, ho tsitsisa polokeho ea moea, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba koloi ka katleho. Ho latela lipalo, bakeng sa phokotso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 10kg ho boima ba koloi, sebaka sa koloi e hloekileng ea motlakase e eketseha ka 2,5km. "Tlhatlhobo ea Matlafatso ea Ts'ireletso ea Lijo tsa Teropo ea Lijo Tse Potoloso ea Kopo ea Boitsebiso Joaloka karolo ea senotlolo sa likoloi, likoloi tsa matloana tsa likoloi tsa koloi bakeng sa 2% -3% ea boima ba koloi, e nang le li-picb tsa koloi tse 75% -80. Ho ipapisitsoe le boima ba Sedan ea Sehlopha sa B-Class, lithapo li ntse li lekantsoe hoo e ka bang 25-30kg. Ka lebaka leo, limpho tsa likoloi tse bobebe tsa likoloi li fetohile sebaka sa khale sa phomolo sa bophelo bo bobe.

Ka kotlo e potlakileng ea theknoloji ea liphatlalatso le tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhaiso-leseling, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki li tsamaile ka thatamo e telele le e rarahaneng. Metso e eketsehileng ea marapo a likoloi e boetse e lebisitse ho litšenyehelo tsa likoloi le tšebeliso ea matla a makoloi, a nka pakane ea ho khathatsa haholo marako a thata.

Ho bobebe ha likoloi tsa koloi ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tse tharo, li-cours, li hokahane le tšireletso ea kotsi. Mekhoa e ikhethileng e akaretsang e kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ntlafatsang bakeng sa likhopolo tsa matla le litlolo, le liqapi tse kang ho nka polasetiki ka polasetiki. Hona joale, koporo ke ntho ea mantlha ea likhoele bakeng sa likhoele ebile ke sebaka sa mantlha sa phokotso ea boima ba boima. Ntle le ho sebelisa bakhanni ba marabele ho fokotsa sebaka se nang le mathata, aluminium, boitsebiso bo tlase ho feta patlisiso e chesang ea likoloi tse bobebe. Aluminium e na le letsoalo la kopo ea 30 feela ea koporo. Hang ha litharollo tsa masela a masenke e fumaneha bakeng sa litaba tsa mokhanni oa Aluminium

Ho utloisisoa hore Tesla le Xiaomi Su7 sebelisa marulelo a aluminium kanya ho hlaha bahlahisi ba malapeng a nang le likhomphutha tse phahameng tsa moea. Tsena feela li phatlalalitse phatlalatsa tšebeliso ea eona ea li-maraba a phahameng a li-aluminium tse phahameng haholo. Litsebi tsa indasteri ka kakaretso li lumela hore tšebeliso ea li-aluminium wiring e fokotsa boima ba 21% e bapisoang le lijo tsa koporo tse tšoanang le tse tlase. Elon Musk o hlomphuoa phatlalatsa hore a khathale ka mokhoa o lebisang tekanyo ea litšenyehelo tse theko e tlase. Ho feta moo, marulelo a tero a boima ke bolelele ba karolo ea karolo ea leshome feela a marako a setso, a fella ka chelete e ngata ea litšenyehelo le phokotso ea boima ba boima.

Ha mefuta e 'ngoe ea wiring e na le matla a tšoanang a ho ntša moo, perip ea koporo e lekantsoe habeli ho feta aluminium wiring. Sena se kopantsoe le phapang ea theko pakeng tsa koporo le aluminium, e fella ka hore e be le moea o lekanang oa koporo e jeoang makhetlo a supileng a aluminium. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sebaka se seholo sa css, likhoele tsa aluminium li hloka lisebelisoa tse ling le tse sireletsang, li fokotsa monyetla oa theko ea tsona. Hajoale, theko ea likhoele tse tloaelehileng tsa allominium e aloyum e ka ba 75% feela ea likhoele tsa koporo. Haeba ho hlokahala hona joale khafetsa, lithapo tsa koporo tse 50 li ka nkeloa sebaka ka lithapo tse 70 tsa lisekoere tsa aluminium. Leha ho le joalo, boima bo ntse bo ka fokotsoa ke hoo e ka bang 45% mme litšenyehelo li ka pholoha ka halofo e fetang halofo.

3. Boemo ba tlholisano ho indasteri ea koloi ea likoloi

(1) Lefapha la Lefatše la Lefatše la Lefatše

Hajoale, indasteri ea lehae la likoloi tsa lefatše e laoloa ke matsete a kantle ho naha. Ho na le mathata a phahameng a boima ba voungsses e kenyang haholo khōlong e kholo ea Machaena a marang-rang bakeng sa chelete e ngata bakeng sa kholo. Likhamphani tse tharo tse holimo li na le 'maraka oa marang-rang oa lefatše ka Yazaki, le Aplevo, le Aplevo Incord bakeng sa 30%, 24%, ka ho latellana. Marakeng a likoloi tsa machaena a khantšitsoeng mabenkele a khantšitsoeng a fihla ho 812 Billion yuan ka 2022, keketseho ea selemo sa selemo sa 5.5%. Ho latela setsi sa khoebo sa lehae sa China, lik'hamphani tse supileng tsa lik'hamphani, lik'hamphani tse supileng tsa likhoebo tsa lefats'e ka bophara ka 2021 e ne e le chelete esele ea kantle ho 2021 kaofela e ne e le chelete esele ea kantle ho 2021. Hajoale, boemo ba tikoloho ea lefatše ba tlholisano bo laoloa ke Sejeremane, Majapane le Amerika ea Amerika.

(2) Mmaraka oa lapeng

Mmaraka oa lapeng o hlophisitsoe hantle, o na le mokhoa o matla oa bareki ba lehae le karolo e phahameng ea lihlahisoa tsa mose ho maoatle.
Ho na le palo e kholo ea li-andonotive tsa lapeng tse nang le malapeng, tseo boholo ba tsona li nyane, tse nang le bokhoni bo fokolang R & D, lisebelisoa tse tlase le mefuta e tlaase ea tlhahiso. Ha e le hantle ba fana ka litho tsa lapeng haholo, 'me Tianhai le Huguang ba tšoere likarolo tse phahameng tsa mmaraka.

Li-Brands tsa kantle ho naha " Ka nts'etsopele ea butle ea batho ba etsang chelete ea lapeng le ho totobatsa taolo ea litšenyehelo tsa litšenyehelo tsa taolo ke likoloi tsa machabeng, likarolo tse behiloeng tsa likoloi li eketseha. Li-Brands tsa malapeng li na le melemo ka theko le mapolanka a ho phalla, le litlatsetso tse haufi le kotlo e ncha ea matla naheng ea Marang-rang ho tšoara kabelo ea mmaraka. Ba bang ba tšoere likhamphani tsa marang-rang tse etellang pele, tse nang le tšusumetso ea mmaraka, ea boleng bo holimo, lisebelisoa tsa indasteri ho fana ka li-syneries le lits'ebeletso tsa lichelete le lits'ebeletso tsa bareki. Sena se theha monyetla o moholo oa ho tlama lapeng.

Litlhokahalo tsa barekisi li na le likhokelo, 'me indasteri li lula li pholoha ha li loketse. Likoloi hangata li theha lengolo la bopaki bo thata le litekanyetso tsa litheolelo tsa likoloi tsa komello tsa koloi. Ka kakaretso, lik'hamphani tsa matloana tsa likoloi li batla ho kena ka har'a sets'oants'o sa boleng ba thepa, empa hape ke lipapatso tsa taolo ea sehlahisoa, taolo ea litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso ea litšenyehelo.

Joalokaha indasteri ea likoloi e ntse e hola, ooms e tla qosa litlhoko tse thata le tse rarahaneng ho litlhokahalo tsa likoloi tsa thepa. Khamphani e nyane, khathatso e matla ea kharebe e tla tobana le tikoloho e thata ea 'marakeng o thata. Likhamphani tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang tsa boleng bo phahameng sa marang-rang li tla qala sehlahisoa sa bona se hlahelletseng sa sehlahisoa le sa moreki ea tiileng ho tsoela pele ho holisa karolo ea 'maraka oa tsona. Nakong e tlang, indasteri ea naha ea heso e tla tobana le tikoloho e bonts'itsoeng ke ho pholoha ha lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng hantle le tse potlakileng.

Ho phahama ha likoloi tse entsoeng ka nako ho tla khanna keketseho ea sekhahla sa marang-rang sa likoloi tsa metsi. Ho tloha ka 2020, 'maraka oa likoloi tse ikemetseng tsa China o eketsehile, ha ho pelaelo hore lik'hamphani tsa' mele oa lapeng li tla baka likhakanyo tsa lapeng.