Ubuningi obuphezulu nezindleko zezintambo zethusi zendabuko ezimotweni ezimotobeli ziye zashukumisela imboni ukufuna ezinye izinto zokuthola ukuncishiswa kwezindleko nokungasindi. I-Aluminium isiphenduke indawo efanelekile yethusi ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwayo okuhle, ukuqina okuphansi nezindleko eziphansi, kepha futhi inezinkinga ezinjengamandla aphansi kanye ne-oxidation elula. I-athikili igxile kumakhekhe wamandla e-autrotive amaningi, futhi ibheka kakhulu ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe obudinga ukuxazululwa lapho kufakwa ithusi nge-aluminium, kubandakanya nokuvuselelwa, amandla, i-oxidation kanye nokwehlukana kokunwetshwa kwama-avermal. Ngokuhlaziya amazinga we-International Automotive Wire Ards, ukufundwa okungenzeka kwethuli nge-aluminium, futhi kwahlongozwa isixazululo esithile sobuchwepheshe: Kusetshenziswa isixazululo esithile sezobuchwepheshe esihlanzekile se-aluminium indawo enkulu yokumelana nendawo, ngemuva komgomo wokumelana okulinganayo; Ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezimbili zokuxhumeka ze-wire kanye nezifo ezibulalayo I-athikili ihlinzeka ngendlela entsha enenani lereferensi lezinkampani zezimoto ukufezekisa ukuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nokukhanya okulula.

Ama-harnesses we-autotive wiring aphelele emzimbeni wemoto. Izintambo zendabuko zenziwa nge-electrolytic yethu ye-electrolytic yethu yethulwe, zidonswe futhi zidonswe yizinqubo ezikhethekile. Ngenxa yobuningi obuphezulu bethusi, isisindo esiphelele se-harness yemoto ye-wiring sidlula i-20kg kanti izindleko ziphezulu, eziletha ingcindezi yezindleko kumabhizinisi. Kuze kube manje, imboni icubungula ngenkuthalo ezinye izinto zokwenza izintambo zethusi ukufeza izinhloso zokuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nokukhanya okulula. Phakathi kwezinto ezivamile zomqandu, i-aluminium iyisitholi esihle. Inokuqhutshwa okuhle, okwesibili kuphela kuthuli phakathi kwezinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo, futhi kukhanya ngesisindo. Ubukhulu bawo bungama-30% ethusi futhi izindleko zalo kuphela ngama-20% ~ 30% ethusi, kepha linezinkinga ezinjengamandla aphansi kanye ne-oxidation elula. Le ndatshana iphakamisa isixazululo sobuchwepheshe sesethenjwa sokubuyisa ithusi nge-aluminium yezintambo zamandla ezimoto ezinkulu.

Izingqinamba ze-1.Technical ezidinga ukuxazululwa lapho zishintsha ithusi nge-aluminium

I-Aluminium iphakeme kune-zethusi ngezindleko nangekhwalithi, futhi isibe yindawo eshisayo yokuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nocwaningo olungasindi ezinkampanini zemoto. Kodwa-ke, i-aluminium indawo yethusi isebhekene nobunzima obuthile bobuchwepheshe.

1) Ukuqhutshwa kuka-Alumininum kuphansi kwethusi. Uma inkinga ixazululwa ngokwandisa indawo yesigaba se-aluminium wire, i-aluminium wire actification idinga ukukhungelwa ngamazinga we-1 ~ 2, azokwenza ama-aluminium wire harness amahlaya. Isikhala sokufaka kanye nesiteshi sokugoba kudingeka kubhekwe lapho sihlela amahhanisi.

2) I-Aluminium inamandla aphansi. Amandla okwenziwa ngomshini kuphela u-1 3 walokho kwethusi, futhi kulula ukwephulwa ngesikhathi sokubumba. Lapho imoto ishayela, ucingo luyadlidliza futhi kulula ukuphula, ngakho-ke amandla e-aluminium wire adinga ukwandiswa.

3) I-Aluminium inento ecindezelayo yokucindezela. Cishe ngo-80 ℃, i-creep ikhula ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngenkathi ithusi lidinga ukwedlula ama-230 ℃ ukukhombisa izinga elithile lokucindezela elicindezelayo. Izici ezicindezelayo ze-aluminium ze-aluminium zizodala ukuthi iphuzu lokuxhumeka lithulule ngezinguquko zokushisa nesikhathi ngemuva kokuthi i-terminal ihluliwe, ithinta ukusebenza kukagesi kocingo.

Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-Aluminium-Copper budinga ukwakheka okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi okuthembekile kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo.

4) I-Aluminium isebenza ngamakhemikhali. I-oxid kalula uma ivezwa umoya, yakha ifilimu eliminyene futhi elinzima le-aluminium oximu. I-Aluminium Oxide inezakhiwo ezinamandla zokufakelwa futhi izothinta ukuhanjiswa kwezintambo ze-aluminium. Lapho ama-aluminium ethinta ama-terminals ekhompyutheni emvelweni enomswakama futhi enikezwe amandla, kulula ukwakha ukusabela kwe-galvanic, okubangela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical ekuxhumekeni nasekuxazululeni umqhubi wesifundo se-aluminium. Lesi simo kufanele sigwenywe.

I-Aluminium ne-Copper bane-coefficients ehlukile yokunwebeka. Ngemuva kokushintshana kwesikhathi eside kokushisa nokubanda, ukuxhumana kulula ukukhulula, okuthinta ukwethenjwa kwephuzu lokuxhuma.

Ukuhlaziywa okuyi-

1) Ukuhlaziywa okungenzeka

Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezindinganiso ezintathu eziyinhloko zezimoto: American, Japanese, ne-European. Ngokuhlanganiswa komhlaba jikelele kobuchwepheshe bezimboni embonini yezimoto, amazinga we-wire ahlukahlukene ahamba kancane kancane asondele kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-iso lwamazinga aphesheya. Njengamanje, iningi lama-omsywobile ezimoto asetshenziswa izintambo zethusi lisebenzisa izintambo ze-Copper Core bese ulandela amazinga wamazwe aphesheya we-ISO. Lezi zindinganiso ezimbili zinezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo zezintambo ze-Automotive Copper Core Core, futhi bobabili bacacisa ukumelana, ukubekezelela i-voltage nezinye izici zezintambo ngokuningiliziwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-ISO 19642-5 inezidingo ezinemininingwane yokusebenza kwe-wire.

Izintambo ze-aluminium zakwamanye amazwe zisetshenzisiwe ezihlolweni zezimboni okungenani iminyaka engama-30. Baqale basetshenziswe embonini yezindiza futhi baqala ukusetshenziswa ensimini yezimoto ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Ngo-2013, kukhishwe okusemthethweni kwamazwe aphesheya kwamazwe a-Alumininum izintambo, kwathi ngonyaka we-2016, kukhishwe okufanayo. Amazinga we-Iso 19642-6 ne-ISO 6722-2 ahlinzeke ngezobuchwepheshe, ukumelana, ukumelana kwevolumu, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwesikimu kudinga ukubheka ngokuphelele la mazinga amabili aphesheya.

Abaqhubi be-Aluminium kumele balingane nabaqhubisi bethusi futhi bahlangane namaphoyinti amathathu: okokuqala, kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi banokuqhutshwa okufanayo nezinye izakhiwo kubaqhubisi bethusi, baqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wesifunda wokuqala unakekelwa ngenkathi uthatha impahla yomqanduli; Okwesibili, vimbela ucingo lwe-aluminium ekubeni yi-oxidised; Okwesithathu, finyelela ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kocingo lwe-aluminium kanye ne-terminal, ngoba impahla ye-aluminium inobunzima obuphansi futhi ingahle ikhefu ngemuva kokugoba, ukuzulazula, kanye nokudlidliza.

2) Ezinye izindlela zabaqhubi bamandla

Ukuqhathanisa amazinga aphesheya we-ISO 19642-5 ne-ISO 6722-1 kwabaqhubisi bethusi, kanye ne-ISO 19642-6 ne-ISO 6722-2 yabaqhubi be-Aluminium, kungabonakala lapho ukumelana kufana, kungabonakala ukuthi i-aluminium idinga ukucaciswa okufana nokwenziwa ngumqhubi wethusi.

I-Aluminium yaseYurophu ne-Aluminium Alloy composition standard en 573-3: 2003 ichaza ukuthi i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys ingahlukaniswa ngochungechunge olungu-8. Phakathi kwazo, uchungechunge olu-1 luyi-aluminium ehlanzekile enokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium okungaphezulu kwama-99%; Uchungechunge lwe-Aluminium 2 kuya ku-8 ku-Aluminium-based Composite Alloys athuthukiswe ngokungeza isilinganiso esihlukile se-SI, FE, CU, MG, MN, Nano-Curamics kanye ne-Carbon Nanomatadiums to Aluminium Emsulwa. I-matrix iyinhlangano ephathwe ngokushisa i-alloy. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa okuthile, amandla ashubile e-aluminium alloy ayandiswa, ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukugcwala okwanele.

Izici zocingo olungu-1 uchungechunge oluhlanzekile lwe-aluminium zinokuvuka okuphezulu, okulungile okushisayo, amandla ashubile angu-60 ~ 110MPA, kanye ne-conductor alengation enkulu kune-12%. Kungumqhubi we-aluminium osetshenziswa kakhulu ngezimoto zezimoto. Leli banga le-aluminium wire lilungele izintambo zamandla amakhulu.

Ngokufingqa, umgomo wokumelana okulinganayo ungalandelwa ukuze ungene esikhundleni socingo lwethusi ngocingo olumsulwa lwe-aluminium ngendawo enkulu yesigaba sesigaba, kanye nokumelana kwezintambo ngaphambi nangemva kokubuyiselwa kufana noma ngemuva. Isibonelo, indawo yesigaba sesigaba socingo lwangempela lwethusi yi-35mm2, kanye nokumelana okuphezulu komqhubi ngamunye ubude beyunithi ku-20 ℃ ngu-0.527mωωω m. Ukucaciswa kwe-aluminium conductor ngepharamitha yokumelana esiseduzane kudinga ukukhungelwa ku-60mm2. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumelana okuphezulu komqhubi wesifundo ngobude beyunithi ngayinye ku-20 ℃ ngu-0.525mh ω m.
3) Isikimu sokuxhumeka phakathi kwezintambo nama-terminals
Isixazululo se-welding selding

Ubuchwepheshe be-welding we-welding bavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Isebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwe ukungqubuzana kwendawo yokuxhumana ye-workpiece ukwenza i-workpoiker deform ngokweqile ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngaleyo ndlela uzuze i-welding. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi emasimini omphakathi kanye ne-aerospace.

Imishini idonsa i-workpiece ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuningi ngokushayisana, okunciphisa ubulukhuni bensimbi, kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bensimbi, futhi yenza ama-athomu wensimbi anciphise futhi apholile futhi akhale omunye nomunye ukwakha i-welding ehlanganisiwe eqinile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungqubuzana okuphezulu okucekela phansi ifilimu ye-oxide endaweni yensimbi futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kokuhlanganiswa kwe-welded. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-welding ye-fusion yendabuko, ukufuduma i-welding kunezici ezilandelayo: okokuqala, ukuhlangana okuhlangene kunamandla aphezulu, ikhwalithi ezinzile, ukungaguquguquki okuhlangene, futhi amandla ahlanganyelwe alingana nale ndaba yomzali; Okwesibili, ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nemvelo enobungane, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinduku zokufakelwa kanye namagesi wokuvikela, akukho magesi anobuthi noma alimazayo akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding, kanti nemishini idla amandla amancane; Okwesithathu, ukufudumala kwe-welding kungafinyelela ukufudumala kwezinto ezingekho emthethweni, okuhlangene akunama-pores noma ukufakwa, futhi akukho ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical okwenzekile.

Kulesi sixazululo, i- "L" -Shared Comper-Aluminium Composite Terminal yamukela inqubo yokujikeleza yokujikeleza kwe-welding ukuxhumanisa ipuleti yethusi elibunjiwe kanye nomsila we-aluminium omsulwa we-aluminium. Ipuleti lethusi eliceliwe lisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ibhethri noma ekuqaleni. Kwenziwe ngethusi, inamandla aphezulu, akulula ukuhlukana ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi i-thining engaphezulu ingadambisa ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical okubangelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwethusi kanye nenhlangano yemoto. I-Tail Emsulwa Aluminium Cylinder Cylinder iyisakhiwo esingenalutho se-columrar esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-aluminium conductor. Ngemuva kokuthi umqhubi we-aluminium ufakwa kwisilinda emsulwa ye-aluminium ngemishini ekhethekile, yehliswa yimishini. I-Aluminium Wire Emsulwa Nesilinda Emsulwa ye-Aluminium yenziwe ngento efanayo futhi ine-coefficie efanayo ye-thermal, engakugwema ukwakheka kokukhathala lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu ashintshana ngenxa yokwehluleka kokunwebeka.

Izinzuzo zalesi sixazululo yilezi: Ipuleti lethusi elicebiwe lingahlangabezana nezidingo zomhlangano, futhi i-aluminium tube exhumanisa i-aluminium wire ingabangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okufakwa kwendabuko, kepha futhi ixazulula inkinga yokuxhumanisa phakathi komqhubi we-aluminium kanye ne-terminal.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-terminal ixhunyiwe kumqhubi we-aluminium, ishubhu elidonyisiwe elibingelwa kabili nge-glue lisetshenziselwa ukubekwa uphawu. Ishubhu lokushisa le-shrink linokufakelwa, ukumelana nokugqwala nokuvimbela ukugqokwa. Ngemuva kokufudunyezwa yimishini ekhethekile, udonga lwangaphandle luncipha, futhi i-glue eqinile odongeni lwangaphakathi incibilikisa i-glue key, emboza ingxenye yokuxhuma kwesiginali kanye nobuso besikhumba sokufakwa kwesiginali. Ngemuva kokupholisa nokuqina, kungafinyelela ukubekwa uphawu nokugqwala kokuqina, futhi kuvimbele ukugqwala kwe-oxidation ekuhlanganiseni.
Isixazululo se-welding selding

Kusukela ngo-1980s, kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe be-welding we-welding ye-ultrasonic belding ku-wire belding, kusetshenziswa amandla okuvinjwa kwe-ultrasonic suppration ukuhlela kabusha isakhiwo sensimbi ye-lattice futhi uxhume izinsimbi ezifanayo noma ezahlukene. I-Welded Joint ifinyelela isibopho se-metallurgical ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa izinto zomzali, ezingokwe-welding eqinile futhi zingakugwema ngempumelelo i-spatter ne-oxidation ye-welding ejwayelekile.

Ubuchwepheshe be-welding we-ultrasonic busetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwezintambo nezintambo, izintambo kanye nama-terminals. Inqubo ye-welding ishesha futhi amapharamitha enqubo angabhekwa kuyo yonke inqubo. I-Welded Joint yisixhumi esihlanzekile sensimbi, esingathintekanga kalula ukuguga, ukushiswa nokukhathala. Ukuxhumeka kuqinile, ukuthembeka kuphakeme, futhi ukumelana nokuxhumana kuphansi.

Lobu buchwepheshe bungaxhuma izinto ezifanayo noma ezihlukile, njengethusi ne-aluminium. Njengoba insimbi ifakwa ngokuqondile, akukho mdlali owengeziwe noma i-flux edingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ultrasonic welding inengcindezi ephansi eshisayo ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ngokuyisisekelo ayishintshi izakhiwo zezinto eziphithizelwe kanye nezinto zokwakha ezizungezile. I-Ultrasonic Welding inenqubo elula, amandla ahlangene aphezulu, ukusebenza okuhle, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwezincazelo zomnyango ezingafakwa. Abaqhubi ngendawo yesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme ka-160mm2 noma okukhulu kungafakwa. Okufanayo nobuchwepheshe be-welding we-welding, ubuchwepheshe be-welding we-ultrasonic bufanelekile ekuxhumeni kwezinto ezingafani namafomu, njengethusi ne-aluminium, ucingo kanye neplate, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yefoni. Ngakho-ke, lesi sixazululo sisebenzisa izikhungo zethusi, ezixhumeke kubaqhubi be-aluminium abahlanzekile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-welding we-ultrasonic, futhi bahlehliswe futhi bahlelwe ngama-claw emikhawulweni yama-terminals ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuxhuma. Ngokufanayo, ukushushuluza okunama-adhesive okuphindwe kabili kwe-adhesive heasive shrink kungasetshenziswa ukucima ukuxhumeka ukuvikela ukugqwala kwe-oxidation ekuhlanganiseni.

3. Isifinyezo

Ngokusekelwe esimweni samanje sezindleko eziphakeme kanye nesisindo esindayo sezintambo zethusi zezimoto, leli phepha lifunda amazinga okusebenza wentambo yethusi kanye ne-aluminium, futhi ahlongoza indlela entsha yamabhizinisi ukunciphisa izindleko futhi anciphise isisindo.